Spain astronomical observatory
European Space Astronomy Centre
An astronomical observatory in Spain, and the real sky above it tonight.
Calculating the sky…
Drag to turn round. Stars from the HYG catalogue; glow and horizon from the light model and the terrain.
The place
European Space Astronomy Centre.
ESA center specialized in space astronomy
European Space Astronomy Centre is an astronomical observatory in Spain, 596 m above the sea.
Its usual sky, with no Moon or clouds, is estimated at 19.24 mag/arcsec² — Bortle 6, bright suburban sky: the naked eye reaches stars of magnitude 5.0.
The nearest town of over 50,000 people is 8 km away.
The best months are in February, from July to September and in December: long dark nights and clearer skies.
The core of the Milky Way rises up to 21° above the horizon, and is up during the dark hours from April to August.
The relief hides 4% of the sky; the highest point of the horizon is 6° up, to the north-west.
Visit and sleep under the stars
- Visiting the observatoryMany observatories open for guided nights or open days: check the official site.Official site↗
- Arco Iriscampsite · 7.7 km · 5 within 10 km
- Hotel Don Ángel IIplace to stay · 4.3 km · 29 within 10 km
- Villanueva de la Cañadanearest town · 4.4 km in a straight line
- Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport (MAD)nearest airport with scheduled flights · 33 km in a straight lineCar hire at MAD airport (Madrid)Discover Cars · sponsored link↗
Plan the night
A guided night, a bed nearby, a car.
Some links above are affiliate links: if you book through them we may earn a commission, at no extra cost to you. It never changes what the data on this page says.
The usual sky here
Bortle 6.
No Milky Way except on the best nights; the sky glows grey-white to 35° up.
Our own rating, from verifiable data only: sky brightness (60 points), clear nights (25), open horizon (10) and altitude (5).
- 1Excellent dark sky≥ 21.89 · stars to mag 7.6
- 2Truly dark sky21.69–21.89 · stars to mag 7.1
- 3Rural sky21.25–21.69 · stars to mag 6.6
- 4Rural–suburban transition20.49–21.25 · stars to mag 6.1
- 5Suburban sky19.50–20.49 · stars to mag 5.6
- 6Bright suburban sky18.94–19.50 · stars to mag 5.1 You are here
- 7Suburban–urban transition18.38–18.94 · stars to mag 4.6
- 8City sky17.80–18.38 · stars to mag 4.1
- 9Inner-city sky< 17.80 · stars to mag 3.6
- 19.24Sky brightnessmag/arcsec² at the zenith — 21.9 is a natural sky
- 5.0Faintest starthe faintest magnitude the naked eye can see here
- 8 kmNearest big townover 50,000 people, in a straight line
- 596 mAltitudeabove the sea: less air and haze above you
- 96%Open skyof the half-sphere the relief leaves visible
Where the light comes from
The brightest glow on the horizon comes from Madrid, 21 km to the east.
Each wedge is how much artificial light arrives from that direction (10° slices).
An estimate of the usual sky with no Moon and no clouds, from NASA's night-lights map and a light-propagation model (about ±0.3 mag). A given night depends on the Moon, the clouds, dust and humidity.
When to go
Best in February, from July to September and in December.
Hours of truly dark night, hours with the core of the Milky Way up, how often the sky is clear and the coldest night, month by month.
- 11h43%0°Jan
- 10h48%0°Feb
- 9.0h43%3°Mar
- 7.5h41%6°Apr
- 5.8h46%10°May
- 4.8h62%15°Jun
- 5.3h77%18°Jul
- 6.7h71%18°Aug
- 8.3h59%14°Sep
- 9.8h49%9°Oct
- 11h44%4°Nov
- 11h44%1°Dec
- Dark night (hours)
- Milky Way core up
- Clear sky
- Coldest night
- Best months
The Moon, night by night
A bright Moon washes out the faint stars. The highlighted nights are the dark ones (less than a quarter lit); below, the next new moons.
- 9 Nov2026
- 9 Dec2026
- 7 Jan2027
- 6 Feb2027
- 8 Mar2027
- 6 Apr2027
Night: Sun more than 18° below the horizon. Milky Way: the galactic centre more than 10° up during that night. Clear sky: 100 − NASA cloud amount (2001–2020). Coldest: average minimum brought to this altitude.
What happens in this sky
Meteors, eclipses, auroras.
Meteor showers
The next twelve months. The rate is what a dark sky shows with the radiant at its highest here; the Moon decides the rest.
- Orionidspeak 21 Oct 2026 · up to 18 meteors an hourMoon 73% lit at the peak
- Leonidspeak 17 Nov 2026 · up to 14 meteors an hourMoon 46% lit at the peak
- Geminidspeak 14 Dec 2026 · up to 149 meteors an hourMoon 21% lit at the peak
- Quadrantidspeak 4 Jan 2027 · up to 109 meteors an hourMoon 12% lit at the peak
- Lyridspeak 22 Apr 2027 · up to 18 meteors an hourMoon 98% lit at the peak
- Eta Aquariidspeak 6 May 2027 · up to 37 meteors an hourMoon 0% lit at the peak
- Southern Delta Aquariidspeak 30 Jul 2027 · up to 14 meteors an hourMoon 15% lit at the peak
- Perseidspeak 12 Aug 2027 · up to 95 meteors an hourMoon 78% lit at the peak
Eclipses
Lunar eclipses visible from here, and solar eclipses whose path crosses this country.
- Partial lunar eclipse12 january 2028Moon 39° up at mid-eclipse · 53 min
- Total lunar eclipse26 june 2029Moon 13° up at mid-eclipse · 101 min
- Total lunar eclipse20 december 2029Moon 64° up at mid-eclipse · 53 min
- Total lunar eclipse18 october 2032Moon 19° up at mid-eclipse · 46 min
- Total solar eclipse2 august 2027the path crosses this country — check the exact line before you go
- Annular solar eclipse26 january 2028the path crosses this country — check the exact line before you go
Meteor dates: International Meteor Organization peaks. Lunar eclipses: computed (J. Meeus) and shown only when the Moon is above this horizon. Solar eclipses: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC (country on the path).
The horizon
360° around you.
The silhouette of the relief up to 30 km away (Copernicus DEM), with the light domes of the towns where they rise. Mountains are drawn taller than they are, to be seen.
Around, in OpenStreetMap
- 3observatories and planetariums within 30 kmEdificio Villanueva, Planetario de Madrid
- 2viewpoints within 5 km
- 4marked trails within 3 kmNorte-Sur. De Collado Villalba (y San Yago) a Serranillos del Valle, De Villanueva del Pardillo a Villanueva de la Cañada, De Villanueva de la Cañada a Brunete and 1 more
- 2shelters and huts within 5 km
- 30car parks within 3 km
- 5campsites within 10 kmArco Iris, Campamento Club Las Encinas de Boadilla, San Juan and 2 more
- 29places to stay within 10 kmHotel Don Ángel II, El Ancla, casa Richi sus tíos. and 26 more
- 1visitor centres within 5 kmOficina de Información
- 51restaurants and cafés within 5 km
- named peaks within 5 km
- street lamps mapped within 2 km
Counted in OpenStreetMap, the map anyone can edit. A low number may just mean nobody has mapped it yet.
In our other atlases
Around it, by day.
The mountain, island, lake, beach or canyon this place is, and what else is nearby in the family's atlases.
Peakyas12 mountains within 25 km
Lakeyas1 lakes within 15 km
Riveryasthe river nearbyFigures from the sister sites' databases (Wikidata, HydroATLAS, GeoNames, OpenStreetMap). Links open when each site is online.
Photographs
By day and by night.
Other skies nearby.
European Space Astronomy Centre
Spain
- 50Darkskyas Score
- 19.24Sky brightness
- 6Bortle
- 596 mAltitude
Observatorio de La Cañada
Spain · 49 km
- 82Darkskyas Score
- 21.52Sky brightness
- 3Bortle
- 1,400 mAltitude
Astrophysical Observatory of Javalambre
Spain · 253 km
- 86Darkskyas Score
- 21.74Sky brightness
- 2Bortle
- 1,957 mAltitude
Where these figures come from
| Name, type, certification | Wikidata (Q1378216) · CC0 |
|---|---|
| Sky brightness | NASA Earth Observatory, Black Marble 2016 (Suomi NPP VIIRS) · Darkskyas light model (Walker's law, fitted to 18 measured sites) |
| Night, Moon, Milky Way, stars | J. Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms · HYG v4.4 · Stellarium modern_iau (CC BY-SA 4.0) |
| Horizon and altitude | Copernicus DEM GLO-90 / GLO-30 · © DLR e.V., © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Copernicus/ESA |
| Clouds and temperature | NASA POWER (CERES SYN1deg, 2001–2020; MERRA-2) |
| Solar eclipses | Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC |
| What is around | © OpenStreetMap contributors · ODbL |
| Images | EOX Sentinel-2 cloudless 2016 · CC BY 4.0; Wikimedia Commons |
| Sister atlases | Peakyas, Lakeyas, Riveryas |
Every figure is an average, an estimate or a count from a public dataset. Licences and methods: data sources.
The family
Do you prefer beaches, lakes, mountains, waterfalls, islands, rivers, canyons, caves, dark skies, viewpoints, birdwatching or forests?
Same idea, other landscapes: field atlases built on open data, in seven languages.
beaches
Find your beach: sea temperature, sun and swimming month by month.Visit lakes
Every lake on Earth: water temperature, ice, depth and the shore.Visit mountains
Every summit in 3D: summit weather, the 0 °C line, huts and trails.Visit 
waterfalls
Every waterfall: height, flow month by month and when it roars.Visit 
islands
Every island from the sea up: size, sea temperature, ferries and 3D.Visit rivers
Every river from source to sea: the journey, the flow and the basin in numbers.Visit 
canyons
Every canyon cut to scale: depth to the floor, rim and floor temperatures, trails and viewpoints.Visit 
caves
Every cave with its real depth and length: the rock above, the temperature inside all year, and how to visit.Visit 
dark skies
Where the night is still dark: the sky of every place, the Milky Way month by month, the Moon, eclipses and auroras.You are here
viewpoints
Every viewpoint with its real 360° panorama: the peaks you can name, how far you see and where the sun sets.Coming soonVisit 
birdwatching
Every bird sanctuary and wetland with the species recorded month by month: who is resident, who comes for the summer, who only passes through.Coming soonVisit 
forests
Every forest with its land-cover rings, what grows and lives in it, and the best months to walk it.Coming soonVisit